What Is A Sledgehammer?

A sledgehammer is a tool consisting of a large, flat head attached to a lever (or a handle). The head is typically made of metal. The sledgehammer can apply more impulse than other hammers, due to its large size. Along with the mallet, it shares the ability to distribute force over a wide area. This is contrast to other types of hammer, which concentrate force in a relatively small area. The word sledgehammer is derived from the Anglo Saxon "Slaegan", which, in its first sense, signifies "to strike violently". The english words "slay" and "slog" are both cognate. A sledgehammer handle can range from .5 meters (1 ft 8 inches) to a full metre (3 ft 3 inches)long, depending on the mass of the head. The head mass is usually 1 to 3 kilograms(2.2 to 6.6 pounds). Modern heavy duty sledgehammers come with 10 to 20 pounds (4.5 to 9.1 kilograms)heads. Sledgehammers usually requires two hands and a swinging motion involving the entire torso, in contrast to smaller hammers used for driving in nails. The combination of a long swinging range, and heavy head, increase the force of the resulting impact.
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What Is An Anvil?

An anvil is a basic tool, a block with a hard surface on which another object is struck. The inertia of the anvil allows the energy of the striking tool to be transferred to the work piece. In most cases the anvil is used as a forging tool. Before the advent of modern welding technology, it was a primary tool of metal workers. The great majority of modern anvils are made from steel, though other types exist. Because anvils are very ancient tools and were at one time very commonplace, they have acquired symbolic meaning beyond their use as utilitarian objects.
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What is Wrought Iron

Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon content, in comparison to steel, and has fibrous inclusions, known as slag. This is what gives it a "grain" resembling wood, which is visible when it is etched or bent to the point of failure. Wrought iron is tough, malleable, ductile and easily welded. Historically, it was known as "commercially pure iron"; however, it no longer qualifies because current standards for commercially pure iron require a carbon content of less than 0.008 wt%. Before the development of effective methods of steelmaking and the availability of large quantities of steel, wrought iron was the most common form of malleable iron. A modest amount of wrought iron was used as a raw material for manufacturing of steel, which was mainly to produce swords, cutlery, chisels, axes and other edge tools as well as springs and files. Demand for wrought iron reached its peak in the 1860s with the adaptation of ironclad warships and railways, but then declined as mild steel became more available. Before they came to be made of mild steel, items produced from wrought iron included rivets, nails, wire, chains, railway couplings, water and steam pipes, nuts, bolts, horseshoes, handrails, straps for timber roof trusses, and ornamental ironwork. Wrought iron is no longer produced on a commercial scale. Many products described as wrought iron, such as guard rails, garden furniture and gates, are made of mild steel. They retain that description because they are wrought (worked) by hand. For more information, visit us at

What's The Purpose Of Wearing Welding Goggles?

Welding goggles provide a degree of eye protection while some forms of welding and cutting are being done. They are intended to protect the eyes not only from the heat and optical radiation produced by the welding, such as the intense ultraviolet light produced by an electric arc, but from sparks or debris. A full facemask may be required for arc welding. Welding and cutting processes, including arc welding and cutting, as well as brazing produce intense ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR) and visible light wavelengths. The UV and IR wavelengths cannot be seen and can produce eye injury without the victim realizing it immediately. Extremely dark filters of the proper sort are needed for the welder to be able to look at the intensely glowing metal being welded. An approved face shield or welding helmet can also have filters for optical radiation protection, and offer additional protection against debris and sparks. UV blocking protective spectacles with side shields or welding goggles are considered primary protection, with the face shield or welding helmet considered secondary protection.[3] This way, the eyes are still protected even when the face shield or helmet is lifted up. The optical filter in welding goggles, face mask or helmet must be a type which is suitable for the sort of work being done. A filter suitable for gas welding, for instance, should not be used for arc welding. Face masks which are self dimming are available for arc welding, MIG, TIG and plasma cutting, and allow better vision before the arc is struck and after it is extinguished.[6] Failure to use such protection when arc welding or even being near where arc welding is going on can result in a painful condition called "arc eye" or Photokeratitis, which is akin to a severe sunburn of the cornea and conjunctiva of the eye. For more IRONWORK tips, go to http://upkeepingyourironwork.blogspot.com

Various Style Of Safety Glasses With Shields

Safety glasses with side shields. The American National Standards Institute has established standard ANSI Z87.1 for safety glasses in the United States, and similar standards have been established elsewhere. OSHA provides guidance on the type of safety eyewear that should be used for a particular application. Some safety glasses are designed to fit over corrective glasses or sunglasses. They may provide less eye protection than goggles or other forms of eye protection, but their light weight increases the likelihood that they will actually be used. Modern safety glasses tend to be given a more stylish design in order to encourage their use. Corrective glasses with plastic lenses can be used in place of safety glasses in many environments; this is one advantage that they have over contact lenses. There are also safety glasses for welding, which are styled like wraparound sunglasses, but with much darker lenses, for use in welding where a full sized welding helmet is inconvenient or uncomfortable. These are often called "flash goggles", because they provide protection from welding flash. Worker safety eyewear is available in various lens colors and/or with coatings to protect or enable eyesight in different lighting conditions, particularly when outdoors. For more IRON WORK tips, visit us at http://upkeepingyourironwork.blogspot.com

What Are Safety Glasses?

Safety glasses are usually made with shatter-resistant plastic lenses to protect the eye from flying debris. Although safety lenses may be constructed from a variety of materials of various impact resistance, certain standards suggest that they maintain a minimum 1 millimeter thickness at the thinnest point, regardless of material. Safety glasses can vary in the level of protection they provide. For example, those used in medicine may be expected to protect against blood splatter while safety glasses in a factory might have stronger lenses and a stronger frame with additional shields at the temples to protect from sawdust, flying wood, or metal. The lenses of safety glasses can also be shaped for correction.


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What Is A Drill/Drill Motor?

A drill or drill motor is a tool fitted with a cutting tool attachment or driving tool attachment, usually a drill bit or driver bit, used for drilling holes in various materials or fastening various materials together with the use of fasteners. The attachment is gripped by a chuck at one end of the drill and rotated while pressed against the target material. The tip, and sometimes edges, of the cutting tool does the work of cutting into the target material. This may be slicing off thin shavings (twist drills or auger bits), grinding off small particles (oil drilling), crushing and removing pieces of the workpiece (SDS masonry drill), countersinking, counterboring, or other operations.
Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking, construction and do-it-yourself projects. Specially designed drills are also used in medicine, space missions and other applications. Drills are available with a wide variety of performance characteristics, such as power and capacity.

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What Is Plasma Cutting?

Plasma cutting is a process that is used to cut steel and other metals of different thicknesses (or sometimes other materials) using a plasma torch. In this process, an inert gas (in some units, compressed air) is blown at high speed out of a nozzle; at the same time an electrical arc is formed through that gas from the nozzle to the surface being cut, turning some of that gas to plasma. The plasma is sufficiently hot to melt the metal being cut and moves sufficiently fast to blow molten metal away from the cut.

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What Angle Grinders Used For?

Angle grinders are widely used in metalworking and construction, as well as in emergency rescues. They are commonly found in workshops, service garages and auto body repair shops. There is a large variety of angle grinders to choose from when trying to find the right one for the job. The most important factors in choosing the right grinder are the disc size and how powerful the motor is. Other factors include power source (pneumatic or electric), rpm, and arbor size. Generally disc size and power increase together. Disc size is usually measured in inches or millimetres. Common disc sizes for angle grinders in the U.S.A. include 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 12 inches. Discs for pneumatic grinders also come much smaller. Pneumatic grinders are generally used for lighter duty jobs where more precision is required. This is likely because pneumatic grinders can be small and light yet remain powerful, because they do not contain heavy copper motor windings, while it is harder for an electric grinder to maintain adequate power with smaller size. Electric grinders are more commonly used for larger, heavy duty jobs. However, there are also small electric grinders and large pneumatic grinders.

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What Is A Angle Grinder?

An angle grinder, also known as a side or disc grinder, is a handheld power tool used for cutting, grinding and polishing.

Angle grinders can be powered by an electric motor, petrol engine or compressed air. The motor drives a geared head at a right-angle on which is mounted an abrasive disc or a thinner cut-off disc, either of which can be replaced when worn. Angle grinders typically have an adjustable guard and a side-handle for two-handed operation. Certain angle grinders, depending on their speed range, can be used as a sander, employing a sanding disc with a backing pad or disc. The backing system is typically made of hard plastic, phenolic resin, or medium-hard rubber depending on the amount of flexibility desired.

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What Is Oxy-Fuel Cutting?

In oxy-fuel cutting, a cutting torch is used to heat metal to kindling temperature. A stream of oxygen is then trained on the metal, and metal burns in that oxygen and then flows out of the cut (kerf) as an oxide slag.

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What Is Oxy-Fuel Welding?

Oxy-fuel welding(commonly called oxyacetylene welding, oxy welding, or gas welding in the U.S.) and oxy-fuel cutting are processes that use fuel gases and oxygen to weld and cut metals, respectively. French engineers Edmond Fouché and Charles Picard became the first to develop oxygen-acetylene welding in 1903.[1] Pure oxygen, instead of air (20% oxygen/80% nitrogen), is used to increase the flame temperature to allow localized melting of the workpiece material (e.g. steel) in a room environment. A common propane/air flame burns at about 3,630 °F (2,000 °C), a propane/oxygen flame burns at about 4,530 °F (2,500 °C), and an acetylene/oxygen flame burns at about 6,330 °F (3,500 °C

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What Is Expanded Metal?

Expanded metal is a form of metal stock made by shearing a metal plate in a press, so that the metal stretches, leaving diamond-shaped voids surrounded by interlinked bars of the metal. The most common method of manufacture is to simultaneously slit and stretch the material with one motion. It is often shortened to exmet, which also refers to a commercial firm by the same name that manufactures expanded metal. Also referred to as perforated metal, it is a large part of the metal industry and plays a key roll in fabrication.

Expanded metal is used in grates and in outdoor furniture (e.g. benches) or fencing. It is often used for guarding to prevent contact with hot surfaces or machinery.

Expanded metal is often used for architectural details and finds use in security applications such as in the walls of a Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility because, in heavier grades, it is difficult to breach without heavy cutting equipment or explosives.

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How To Defeat A Thief?

Nowadays, theives are everywhere. You want to keep your belongings safe from them. Here are some tips for riding mass transit:
Secure Your Backpack/Purse.
Keep Your Wallet, Up Front.
Carry your handbag,Up Front.
Stay With Others...During Off Peak Hours
a. Use Designated Waiting Areas
b. Ride In The Conductor's Car
Avoid Being "Bumped".
Be Alert For "Staged Distractions".
Keep Jewelry Hidden.
Protect Your Personal Space.
These tips will assist you in defeating a thief.
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What Are Diamond Plate(s)?

Diamond plate, also known as checker plate, tread plate and Durbar floor plate, is a type of lightweight metal stock with a regular pattern of raised diamonds or lines on one side, with the reverse side being featureless. Diamond plate is usually steel, stainless steel or aluminum. Steel types are normally made by hot rolling, although modern manufacturers also make a raised and pressed diamond design.

Used on stairs and catwalks in industrial settings, the added texture reduces the risk of slipping. For this reason diamond plate is frequently used on the interior of ambulances and on the footplates of firetrucks. Diamond plate can also be used decoratively, particularly highly polished aluminum variants.

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Reasons Why Welders Wear Welding Helmets

Welding helmets are headgear used when performing certain types of welding to protect the eyes, face and neck from flash burn, ultraviolet light, sparks, infrared light, and heat. Most commonly used with arc welding processes such as shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, and gas metal arc welding. Welding helmets are necessary to prevent arc eye, a painful condition where the cornea is inflamed. Welding helmets can also prevent retina burns, which can lead to a loss of vision. Both conditions are caused by unprotected exposure to the highly-concentrated ultraviolet and infrared rays emitted by the welding arc. Ultraviolet emissions from the welding arc can also damage uncovered skin, causing a sunburn-like condition in a relatively short period of welding. The modern welding helmet used today, was first introduced in 1937 by Willson Products. All welding helmets include a window covered with a filter called a lens shade, through which the welder can see to work. In most helmets, the window may be made of tinted glass, tinted plastic, or perhaps a variable-density filter made from a pair of polarized lenses. Recently helmets have been developed that use an electronic LCD shutter that darkens automatically when exposed to the bright welding arc so the welder can see to work under normal ambient light while wearing the helmet. With the development of electronic auto-darkening helmets, the welder no longer has to get ready to weld and then nod their head to lower the helmet over their face. However, these electronic auto-darkening helmets are significantly more expensive.

Tips For Protecting Your Cell Phone/Smartphone While Commuting on Mass Transit

Cell phones has advanced since their debut. In these days and times, thieves are also stealing phones therefore, here are some tips to prevent your phone from being stolen:

Don't let it drop.
Pack it away.
Belt holders need to be secured.
Keep'em out of sight!

Make sure...."What yours, stays yours"
For more information, call NYC Transit Information at 718 330-1234 or visit our blog page at http://upkeepingyourironwork.blogspot.com

Tips For Protecting Your iPod While Commuting On Mass Transit

In these days and times, iPods is one of the hottest item(s) for a thief. Don't be a victim of iPod theft. Here are some preventative tips to keep you and your belongings safe:
Stay Alert.
Keep ALL bags, backpacks and pocketbooks securely closed and in front of you.
Keep Your iPod out of sight.
Don't stay by the train doors when using electronic devices.
Be alert for pickpockets when listening to music.
Change the earpiece color when riding in public.
These tips can deter a thief from robbing you. For more safety info, you can call
NYC Transit Information at 718 330-1234 or visit us at http://upkeepingyourironwork.blogspot.com

What Is A Transformer Welding Style

A transformer style welding power supply converts the high voltage and low current electricity from the utility mains into a high current and low voltage, typically between 17 to 45 volts and 55 to 590 amps. A rectifier converts the AC into DC on more expensive machines.
This design typically allows the welder to select the output current by either moving a magnetic shunt in and out of the core of the transformer or allows the welder to select the output voltage from a set of taps on the transformer. These machines are typically the least expensive.
Transformer designs are often bulky because they operate at the utiltiy mains frequency of 50 or 60 Hz. Such low frequency transformers must have a high magnetizing inductance to avoid wasteful shunt currents. The transformer may also have significant leakage inductance for short circuit protection. The leakage inductance may be variable so the operator can set the output current.

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Transit Safety Tips

There has been a lot of thiefs on the Subway going on for awhile. Here are some tips on protecting your belongings:
Stay alert, especially listening to music.
Don't stay by the train doors.
Stay with others during off peak hours.
Use designated waiting areas.
Ride in the conductor's car.
Keep eletronic devices hidden.
Be alert for staged distractions.
Carry hand bag/wallet up front.

Applying these tips to your daily life will decrease your chance of being a victim.
For more information on subway safety call 718 330 1234. For emergencies call 911.
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What Are The Different Types Of Welding Machines

Welding machines are usually classified as constant current (CC) or constant voltage (CV); a constant current machine varies its output voltage to maintain a steady current while a constant voltage machine will fluctuate its output current to maintain a set voltage. Shielded metal arc welding will use a constant current source and gas metal arc welding and flux-cored arc welding typically use constant voltage sources but constant current is also possible with a voltage sensing wire feeder.
The nature of the CV machine is required by gas metal arc welding and flux-cored arc welding because the welder is not able to control the arc length manually. If a welder attempted to use a CV machine to weld with shielded metal arc welding the small fluctuations in the arc distance would cause wide fluctuations in the machine's output. With a CC machine the welder can count on a fixed number of amps reaching the material to be welded regardless of the arc distance but too much distance will cause poor welding.

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